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Sexually transmitted diseases, also known as venereal diseases, are one of the most widespread contagious diseases in the US and many other parts of the world nowadays. They are also sometimes known as infections that are sexually transmitted due to the fact that an infectious organism is involved in their transmission between two or more sex partners. Based on the CDC report for 2010, there are around 19 million women and men infected yearly in the United States of America and there are over 20 kinds of sexually transmitted disease identified. The sexually transmitted infections can be transferred and spread through various sorts of sexual activity that involve and make use of the sex organs, the mouth and the anus.
A sexually transmitted infection can also be widely transferred during sexual activity that involves a direct contact with infected person’s blood. An STD is infrequently transferred through any other type of human contact such as removal of blood, tissue or body fluids from an infected person and placement of it in contact with any uninfected person. Sexual intercourse is not the only means of transmission of the infection. In many cases, sharing of unsterilized needles among people can be a cause of spread. There are a number of diseases which can be transferred through sexual activity but are not officially labeled as sexually transmitted diseases. These include Hepatitis A, C and E. However, some authors have considered them as sexually transmitted diseases while others have not.
Sexually transmitted diseases can affect both women and men of all backgrounds and ages. In other words, nobody is exempted from being transmitted with these diseases. In several states, it is similarly required to notify the Child Protective Services with whatever STD cases involving children. In recent years, sexually transmitted diseases have become even more common partly because people are becoming active sexually today and sadly, promiscuous at very young ages. Many people are exposed to the risk of getting infections because they never make use of protective methods and have multiple sex partners.
It must be noted that the transmission of the infections can be feasible even if the infected people do not experience any symptom of it. There are some sexually transmitted diseases that do not cause symptoms especially amongst women like gonorrhea, Chlamydia and genital herpes. All the aforementioned diseases can also affect men. Long- term health problems caused by sexually transmitted diseases are said to be severer in women compared to those in men. There are diseases that can cause infections in the pelvis like PID or pelvic inflammatory disease which can further lead to tubo- ovarian abscess which consequently can result in the reproductive organ scarring and can lead to ectopic pregnancy. It is a type of pregnancy that occurs outside the woman’s uterus. The abscess can also be the cause of infertility and worse, death of a woman.
Moreover, there is a certain STD named HPV infection or Human papillomavirus infection which can cause cervical cancer. A number of sexually transmitted diseases can actually be transmitted from a mother to an infant during pregnancy and, during and immediately after the baby’s birth. Since the means of transmission among these diseases is alike, an individual is often transmitted with over one organism (pathogenic) at a time. As an example, about fifty percent of infected people were transmitted with Chlamydia and gonorrhea at one sexual activity.
There are different causes of STD such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoan and parasites. The cause of the spread varies depending on the type of sexually transmitted disease. For instance, gonorrhea and Chancroid are caused by different bacteria while genital herpes and HIV/AIDS are caused by viruses.